Type-setting machine



(N0 Modell) 4 SheetsSheet 1. F. A; JOHNSON.

7 TYPE SETTIKG MACHINE. No. 584,361. Patented June 15,1897.

(No Model.) 4 SheetsSheet 2.

F. A. JOHNSON.

TYPE SETTING MACHINE.

No. 584,361. Patented June 15,1897.

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N6 Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

P. A. JOHNSON. TYPE SETTING MACHINE.

No. 584,361. Patented June 15,1897.

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(No Model.) 4 Sheets--Sheet 4.

F. A. JOHNSON. TYPE SETTING MACHINE No. 584,361. Patented June 15, 1897.

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FRANK AMOS JOHNSON, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE JOHNSON TYPESETTER COMPANY, OF PORTLAND, MAINE.

TYPE-SETTING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 584,361, dated June 15, 1897.

Application filed September 18,1895. Serial No. 562,892. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that- I, FRANK AMos JOHNSON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Type-Setting Machines, of which the following is a specification.

In my pending application, Serial No. [0 562,891, filed September 18, 1895, and designated as Case L, is shown two machines combined. In the first machine the lines of type are assembled with large temporary spaces of uniform width and each line is provided with a justifying line-quad proportioned in length to the width of the final spaces which are necessary to justify theline. In the-second machine the lines thusprepared are received and a quad-forming mechanism controlled by the line-quads of the respective lines cuts or otherwise forms the final wordspaces, inserts said spaces in the lines in lieu of the temporary spaces, and then transfers the lines to a galley. The present applica tion, which I shall designate as Case M, relates to a modified machine corresponding to the first machine or mechanism of Case L- that is, it is a machine for assembling the type with temporary word-spaces and providing each line with a justifying line-quad adapted to control the justification of the line in a second mechanism or spacing-machine, through which the line is subsequently passed. The problem of justification for each line is solved 5 in the present machine, and the result of this solution is the line-quad with which each line is provided.

Novel features disclosed but not claimed in the present application are claimed in Case L, the companion application above mentioned. In the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, Figure 1 is a plan view illustrating a machine in which the invention is embodied. Fig. 2 is a front eleva- 5 tion, partly in section, on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an elevation of the left side of the machine. Fig. 4 is a section on the line 4. at of Fig.1. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of one of the line-justifying quads. Fig. 6 is a simi- 5o larview of one of the temporary word-spaces,

and Fig. 7 is a part of the section in Fig.4 enlarged.

The principal parts of the frame consist of a base-plate I, mounted upon suitable legs or supports 2, and a vertical plate or casting 3, arranged longitudinally and supported upon the middle of the base. This plate 3 is T- shaped at its upper end, having a rearwardlyextending plate 4 and a forward projection 5, which is deeper and narrower than the plate 4.

Located at the right of the machine and supported upon the casting 3 is the magazine A, containing in type tubes or channels the various type which it may be desired to assemble and also in one or more of the channels a supply of temporary spaces a, by means of which the words are separated until the justifying word-spaces are inserted by the spacing-machine.

The type and spaces are ejected by means of small rods or pushers 6, which rest on the plate I in the rear of the magazine and are guided in grooves in the lower surface of a guide-plate 7. The pushers 6 are of spring metal and are preferably made thinner at a 7 5 point 8 to permit their rear ends to be raised without straining or disarran gin g the body of the pusher. Upon the rear end of each pusher is an upturned foot 9, which engages a groove 10 in a laterally-reciprocatin g bar 11 when the rear end of the pusher is raised. The reciprocation of thebar moves the pusher forward to eject a type and then brings it back to its normal position, as shown in Fig. 1. The pushers are engaged with the bar 11 by means of lifting-rods 12, the lower ends of which are pivoted to key-levers 13 and the upper ends held in position against the rear edge of plate 4 by springs 14. The forward ends of the key-levers are connected with finger-keys 15, corresponding to the type and spaces in the magazine.

The bar 11 is reciprocated by power each time a key of the keyboard is depressed. It rests on slides or ways 16 and is carried by arms 17, connected to its ends and pivoted to the upper ends of rock-arms 18 upon a shaft 19. This shaft is periodically rocked by means of an arm 20 and pitman 21, connected to a crank 22 upon an escape-shaft 23, which 109 makes one revolution each time a key-lever is depressed. The escape-shaft 23 is in line with a constantly-running power-shaft 24, which is driven by a pulley 25 or other suitable means.

Upon the end of the power-shaft 24 is a crown ratchet-wheel 26, and upon the end of the escape'shaft 23, adjacent to the ratchetwheel 26, is pivoted a pawl 27, which tends to engage with the ratchet-wheelunder pressure of a spring 28. The-pawl is normally held away from the ratchet-wheel by the engagement of its tail end 29 with a stop-lever 30, having a cam-surface 31 on its end, which is adapted to throw the pawl out of engagement with the ratchet, and a stop 32 to prevent rotation of the escape-shaft after the pawl is thrown out of engagement with the power-shaft. Vhen the lever is lowered, it releases the pawl 27, and engagement of the pawl with the ra tchet-wheel 26 rotates the escape-shaft. At the completion of one rotation the tail end of the pawl engages the cam 31, and the pawl is disengaged from the ratchet-Wheel, the escape-shaft being brought to rest by the stop 32. The stop-lever 30 is normally elevated by the spring 33. It is depressed each time a key is operated by means of a ro'd34, which is held normally on a projection 35 of the stop-lever by a spring 36-. At its upper end it is connected with an arm 37 upon the rock-shaft 38, which carries a blade 39, overlying shoulders in the liftingbars 12. Each time a key is depressed a lifting-bar 12 is elevated and the shaft 38 is rocked, thereby depressing the rod 34 and tripping the clutch B. The shaft 38 is rocked in the reverse direction by a spring 41. will be evident that if the lever 30 were de pressed for any considerable period of time the escape-shaft would be permitted to make To I .pawl 27 at the end of a singlerotation.

The operation of the mechanism so far described results in the ejection from the magazine of any type or space selected, said type or space being delivered on a runway O in front of the base of the magazine. The runway is formed of two rails 44, and the type are prevented from being disarran'ged on the runway by an overlying plate 45, which is attached to the magazine. The type are conveyed along the runway to a place of assemblage, which we will term the stick D, by a finger 46. This finger is in the form of an elbow-lever, which is pivoted upon a slide 47, traveling in grooves 48 on the inner sides of the rails 44 of the runway O. A short arm of the finger 46 extends through the slide and is connected with a band 49, carried by pulleys 50 upon acarriage 51. The carriage 51 slides in suitable grooves 53 in the inner faces of the rails 44.

It is reciprocated each time a type or space is selected by means of a link 54, elbow-lever 55, and pitman 56, which connects the elbow-lever with a crank 57 upon the end of the escape-shaft 23. The movement of the carriage 51 is equal to half the width ofthe magazine. The lower part of the band is attached to a post 52 upon the frame, and therefore the upper part of the band 49 moves at double the speed of the carriage, and the finger 46 is made to travel in both directions the entire width of the magazine at each rotation of the escape-shaft. As the carriage 51 starts to move to the right and before the slide 47 starts the finger 46 is drawn down between the rails 44 and out of the runway (J. The finger does not again rise until it reaches the extreme limit of its movement to the right. It then rises and travels to the left through the runway, carrying with it the type or space which has been ejected from the magazine and delivering the same on the stick to a holdingpawl 58, which is mounted upon a slide 59 and held against the rails of the runway by a spring 60. The type are delivered on the stick D, as above described, against a yieldi-n gfollower or head 61, carried by a sliding scale 62, which is normally drawn to the right by acord 63 and weight 64.

The temporary spaces a are of uniform size and are preferably of considerably greater width than the normal spaces in alin'e of print. 7 It is desirable that the indicator should show upon the scale the exact amount of matterwhich has been assembled, including normal word-spaces instead of the temporary spaces, so that the operator can estimate the proper place at which to end the line. This desideratum I accomplish by means of the following devices:

The stick D is that portion of the runway between the pawl 58 and the abutment 65 which is the end of a ratchetbar 66. The ratchet-bar is normally drawn to the left by a spring 67, and its movement is regulated by an escapement 68. The teeth of the ratchetbar 66 are each equal to the width of a temporary space a, and the escapement 68 is operated each time a space is assembled on the stick. Hence the stick is opened up or lengthened each time a space is selected, and the room in the stick available for the assemblage of character-type is not-changed. A pointer or index 69 cooperates with the scale on the scale-slide 62 to indicate the amount of matter on the stick plus normal spaces. The pointer 69 is carried on a rack-bar 7 O, which engages with a pinion 71 on a short shaft 72. The ratchet-bar 66 carries a rack-bar 73, which engages a second pinion 74 on shaft 72. pinions on the shaft 72 constitute differential gearing, being so proportioned that when the rack 73 is moved by the operation of the escapement 68 a distance equal to a temporary space the rack 70 and the index 69 will be moved a shorter distance equal to the differ- The ICC

ence between a temporary space and a normal space. The result of the assemblage of a temporary space upon the stick causes, first, a movement of the scale-slide equal to the width of said space; secondly, a movement of the ratchet-bar 66 equal the width of the space, thus opening up the stick by that amount, and, thirdly, a movement of the pointer or index 69 equal to the width of a temporary space less a normal space. In other words, the relative movement of the index and scale is a normal space. \Vhen a charactentype is se lected, the index remains stationary and the scale moves a distance equal to the width of the type. The escapement (58, which maybe I of any suitable construction, is operated by .tated so as to bring the next larger wedge oparod '75, connecting with an arm 76 upon a rock-shaft 77, which is operated by the spacekeys 78. The space-kc y is also connected by a link '79with a key-lever which operates, in the manner above described,to eject the space from the magazine.

The product of the present machine, as heretofore stated,is composed of lines of type, each line being provided with a justifying line-quad and the words of each line being separated by the temporary space-quads. The justifying line-quads vary in length for the different lines in proportion to the widths of the final spaces which are necessary to justify the lines, the line-quads being used as gages in the mechanism for forming final spaces of the required width, which spaces are substituted for the temporary spaces. In the present machine the line-quads are prepared from blanks of uniform-length by cutting off more or less from one end of the blank, the amount tobe cut off being gaged by the justifying mechanism, which will now be described.

One of the blanks E for a justifying linequad is shown in Fig. 5. It consists of a body 80, somewhat shorter than type-high, and two projecting lips 81. In forming the j ustifyingquad one of these lips is shortened more or less, as required.

Upon the upper end of a vertical shaft 82 there are a number of radially arranged wedges, the number of wedges being equal to the highest number of word-spaces which is likely to occur in a line of print. The wedges vary in pitch orincline, the same decreasing gradually from the wedge of highest pitch around the shaft to the wedge of the lowest pitch, which is adjacent to the firstnamed wedge, The wedge-shaft stands normally with the wedge of least'pit-ch nearly opposite a slide 84, the shaft being raised, however, so that the slide is just below the lower ends of the wedges, in which position the shaft is free to revolve, so as to bring the wedges successively opposite the slide. Each time a word-space is inserted in theline the ratchet-bar 66 retreats one step and, through intermediate gearing, the wedge-shaft is roposite the slide 84. The intermediate gearing consists,ras shown, of a rack 85, gear 86,

' vertical shaft 87, gear 88 on thelower end of said shaft, and idle gear 89, meshing with the gear 88 and with an elongated pinion 90, which is cut on the shaft 82. Connected with the wedge-shaft and adjustable vertically with it is a gaging incline or wedge 91. As shown, this incline is on a frame 92, which slides vertically of an extension of a plate 4: of the frame. The upper end of the wedge-shaft is journaled in the upper and lower bars of this frame 92, and a collar 93 prevents the shaft from sliding longitudinally of the frame. The collar 93 also limits the upward movement of the shaft. For each line assembled a justifying space-blank E is placed in posi tion in a runway 11, opposite the gage incline 91 and over achisel 94:, which is arranged to slide vertically in a bearing 95 on the front of the frame 3.

The chisel may be operated automatically and mechanically, as shown in Case L, above referred to, but in the'pre'sent instance Ih'ave deemed it sufficient to show a lever 963, by which the chisel may be operated manually. The wedge-shaft is held normally in the elevated position, as shown in Fig.1, byalatch 97.

The slide Sat carries a rack which is in engagement with a pinion 98 on a shaft 99, and

another pinion 100 on said shaft engages a rack .upon the slide 59, which carries the pawl 58. During the assemblage of a line of matter on the stick the proper wedge on the wedgeshaft is brought to register with the slide 84, and after the line is assembled the latch 97 is withdrawn and the wedge-shaft permitted to drop, causing the rack 59 to move to the left until its pawl 58 compacts the assembled line against the abutment 65 on the ratchet-bar 66. The amount of movement of the pawl 58 which is permitted will be exactly equal to the amount of space left unfilled in the stick-that is, it will equal the amount of space to be distributed to complete the justified line. The movement of the rack-slide 84 will be in the same proportion,

and the downward movement of the wedgesha'ft will depend, first, upon the particular wedge selected, (which corresponds to the number of word-spaces in the line,) and, secondly, upon the amount of movement which the slides 84 will permit, which depends upon the aggregate width of the word-spaces necessary to justify the line. In other Words, the downward movement of the wedge-shaft for any particular line is determined by the two factors in the justification of the linevia, the number of word-spaces and their aggregate width.

Before the wedge-shaft is operated for a given line a line-quad blank. is inserted in the runway against the gage-incline 91, and as the gage descends the gage-incline forces the blank outward, so that one of the lips projects over the chisel. NVhen the shaft comes to rest, the chisel is raised or operated and the projecting end of the blank is cut off. The

remainingportion is the justifying line-quad,

proportioned in length to the Width of the final spaces which will be necessary to justify the line. The wedge-shaft is then raised to its upper position and sustained by the latch 97. The slide 59, being released from the pressure of the wedge-shaft, is returned to its initial position by a spring 101, which also returns the rack-bar Set to its initial position, as shown in Fig. 2. The bottom of that portion of the runway which forms the stick is the platform of an elevator G, and the line being now released from the clamping action of the pawl 58 is lowered by the elevator until it comes opposite the runway F, in which the justifying line-quad is located. The line and its line-quad are then removed through the runway F either directly to the machine for inserting the justifying word-spaces or to a suitable receptacle in which it may be stored until it is desired to justify it. As shown, the elevator G is normally held in its upper position by a spring 102 and it is lowered by depressing a handle 103. The platform of the elevator is carried by a slide 104 and the handle 103 is connected to the lower end of the .slide. After the line is removed from the elevator the latter is permitted to rise. The ratchet-bar is now pushed to the right to its initial position, and the pointer is by the same movement carried to its 'initialposition. In

order to prevent the follower from drawing the line to the right after it is released by the pawl 58 and before the elevator removes it to the runway F, I provide a latch 105, which is pivoted on the slide 66 and engages the follower when the latter is pressed against the abutment durin'g'the compacting of the line. Before beginning a new line the pawl 105 is tripped by a pin 1-06 to release the follower, and the weight 64 returns the scale and a brief recapitulation of the movements will of operations outlined above repeated.

suffice.

By manipulating the keys the type for the first word of a line are selected successively, i the lifting-bars 12 forcing up the rear ends of j the type-pushers into engagement with the j bar 11 and the bar 11 carrying the type- I The types are assembled successively on the run- I way O and transferred in the same order to I do not operate upon the compacting device.

pushers forward and then backward.

the stick.

It may be here noted that when two or more type occur in the sameorder in the magazine that they are to occupyin the Word they may be ejected simultaneously by depressing their finger-keys at the same time. In this manner many short words or syllables may be assembled by aisingle'movement of the machine. After a word is assembled in the stick a spacekey is depressed and a temporary word-space I is transferred to the stick. At the same time,

through the connections from the space-key I to the escapement 68, the ratchet-bar 66 is permitted to move one step to the left and to form a justifying line-quad.

the length or measure of the stick is increased an amount equal to the width of the space just inserted, leaving the unfilled portion of the stick the same as it was before the space was inserted. As the type are assembled in the stick their aggregate width is registered upon the scale 62, and when a word-space is transferred to the stick the width of a normal space is registered on the scale by means of the movement imparted to the index or pointer from the ratchet-bar 66. The scale, therefore, always indicates the aggregate amount of type on the stick plus normal wordspaces, and the operator is thereby enabled to divide the matter into proper lines readily. When. sufficient matter is assembled on the stick to form a line, the wedge-shaft will have been rotated and the wedge corresponding to the number of word-spaces in the line will register with the rack 84:. At the end of the line the wedge-shaft is dropped, compacting the line by the action of the wedge on the slide 84 and, through intermediate connections, on the pawl 58. Conversely, the amount of matter .in the line forms a stop which limits the pawl 58 and through the aforesaid connections limits the movement of the slide 84 and the downward movement of the wedge-shaft. As the wedge-shaft descends, the gage-incline descends also and determines the amount which shall be out from the line-quad blank The chisel is then operated to cut the line-quad, after which the wedge-shaft is raised and the line is released. The line is then lowered on the elevator, and the line and its justifying-quad are ejected from them-achine, either mechanically or by hand, through the runway F. The slide 66 is then moved to the right, and during said movement the arm on the pawl 105 comes in contact with the fixed pin 106 and releases the scale-slide, which is returned to its initial position by the weight 64:. A new line may then be assembled and the cycle In the machine above described the lines of type are compacted by the operation of the wedges upon the wedge-piece and the gage which controls the justification is independent of the wedges, but controlled by the longitudinal movem ent of the wedge-piece. In the companion application (Case L) the gage is operated directly by the wedges,which wedges It will be evident that various mechanical equivalents may be substituted for elements of the machine above described without departing from the spirit of the invention. I do not, therefore, wish to limit myself to the precise construction and arrangement of parts shown and described; but

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-- 1. In a justifying mechanism for composingmachines, the combination with means for assembling a line of type, of a wedge-piece provided with a series of wedges and capable of IlO two movements, a wordspace key and connections between said key and the wedgepiece, whereby the proper wedge corresponding to the number of word-spaces is selected, and a compacting device for the line, said compacting device being operated by a longitudinal movement of the selected wedge, and said line forminga stop to limit the movement of said wedge, substantially as described.

2. In a justifying mechanism forcom posingmachines, a wed ge-piece consisting of a series of wedges arranged upon a common support, said support being movable to select any desired wedge, and movable longitudinally to bring the selected wedge into action, in combination with a part which is connected to move longitudinally with the wedge-support and provided with an incline, or equivalent means, to serve as a justifying-gage, substantially as described.

3. In a justifying mechanism for com posingmachines, the combination of a wedge-piece consisting of a rotatable shaft provided with a series of radially-arranged wedges and eapable of two movements, one movement of rotation to select a proper wedge, and the other movement lengthwise of said wedge, of an inclined surface or equivalent device movable in proportion of the lengthwise movement of the wedges and adapted to form a gage for the justiiication of lines of print, substantially as described.

4. The combination in a type-setting machine, of the wedge-piece provided with a series of wedges, means for imparting two movements to said wedge-piece to select a proper wedge and move it lengthwise respeetively, means for assembling a line of type, a compacting device for said line, connections between the compacting device and the wedge-piece, whereby the line of type forms a stop to limit the movement of the selected wedge lengthwise, and an incline, or equivalent device, movable in proportion to the lengthwise movement of said wedge-piece, said incline serving as a gage for the justification of said line, substantially as described.

5. The combination in a type-setting machine, of the wedge-piece provided with a series of wedges, means for imparting two movements to said wedge-piece to select a proper wedge and move it lengthwise respectively, means for assembling a line of type, a compacting device for said line, connections between the compacting device and the wedgepiece, whereby the line of type forms a stop to limit the movement of the selected wedge lengthwise, and an incline or equivalent device movable in proportion to the lengthwise movement of said wedge-piece, said incline serving as a gage for determining the length of a line-justifying quad for the selected line, and means for cutting said quad by said gage, substantially as described.

6. The combination in a type-setting machine, of a wedge-piece provided with a series of wedges, means for imparting two movements to said wedge-piece to select a proper wedge and move it lengthwise respectively, means forassembling a line of type upon a stick, a follower against which the type are assembled, a holding-pawl to prevent backward movement of the type on the stick, a movable rack upon which said pawl is pivoted, and connections whereby the we-dging action of the selected wedge during its longitudinal movement is imparted to said slide and pawl to compact the assembled line, substantially as described.

7. The combination with mechanism for assembling a line of type and temporary wordspaces upon a stick, of a movable abutment forming one end of the stick and means for retreating said abutmentto lengthen the stick each time a word-space is assembled, a scale arranged to be moved by the assembled line upon the stick, a movable pointer for the scale, and differential gearing connecting said pointer with the abutment whereby the movement of the abutment corresponding to the width of a temporary word-space causes the pointer to travel relatively to the scale the width of a normal word-space, substantially as described.

8. The combination with mechanism for assembling a line of type and temporary wordspaces upon a stick, of a movable abutment forming one end of the stick, and means for retreating said abutment to lengthen the stick each time a word-space is assembled, a sliding scale having a head or follower in the path of the type upon the stick, a sliding rack carrying a pointer adjacent to the scale, a second rack connected with the movable abutment and differential gearing between. said racks whereby when the abutment is retreated the amount of a temporary space the pointer will be advanced on the scale the amount of a normal space, substantially as described.

9. In a type-setting machine, the combination with the stick and means for assembling a line of type upon said stick, of a movable abutment forming one end of the stick, a spring connected with said abutment and tending to move the same to expand the stick, a ratchet-bar connected to the abutment, and an escapeinent for the ratchet-bar, said escapement being operated from the space-key, whereby the length of the stick is increased each time a space is inserted, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

FRANK AMOS JOHNSON.

Witnesses: I

J. A. WATSON, W. CLARENCE DUVALL.

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